Phases of Urban Development Impact on the Assessment of Thermal Comfort: A Comparative Environmental Study

Millions of pilgrims and visitors from numerous parts the world flock to Karbala (one most prominent ideological religious places in central Iraq) each year visit holy shrines due their sanctity. Many improvements have been made Two Holy Shrines (THS), Imam Husayn Abbas, area between them (ATHS), high temperatures this region improve pedestrian thermal comfort. Studies on improving outdoor comfort are scarce. Hence, research aims look into historical current architectural changes how they affect On hottest summer day, ENVI-met software program was used simulate building design calculate impact vegetation According findings, trees medium-density a compacted arrangement should be nearby built-up structures newly planned urban regions. In existing plots, best approach is use free blank areas (e.g. car parks) set medium-density, as well plant along large driving routes. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-08 Full Text: PDF